Series: The Quarry as Witness
Nyirádi Bauxite Quarry, Hungary
2022, 2023
Revealed Realism
The Nyirád Bauxite Quarry is a place where geology, industry, and art meet. Once a site of intense bauxite mining, it now reveals colorful slopes, water-filled basins, and layers of natural and human history. Through performance, pigment collection, and immersive artistic practice, we bring this landscape’s memory to life.
Geological and Historical Context The bauxite quarry is located approximately 4 km south-southwest of the town of Nyirád. It consists of several interconnected basins, covering an area of about 1100 by 700 meters. All mining operations have since been halted. Today, the southern basin features a racetrack, while the northern basin is recognized as a geological natural monument. It showcases exposed multicolored slopes and a partially water-filled floor, measuring around 300 by 400 meters. The quarry is known for its vivid and varied coloration.
The primary material extracted from the site was bauxite — an aluminum ore. Bauxite forms in tropical climates through the intense weathering of igneous rocks. Under hot and rainy conditions, rock components break down and are carried by water, settling where the flow slows. The quarry’s bedrock consists of Upper Triassic dolomite (227–205 million years old). During the Cretaceous period (approximately 143–113 million years ago), a bay formed in a depression in the dolomite layer. Sediments rich in bauxite minerals accumulated there, creating a bauxite lens.
Aluminum derived from bauxite is widely used in the aviation and aerospace industries. After the construction sector and packaging production (such as cans and foil), one of the largest consumers of aluminum is the energy industry. Mining in this area began in the 1940s. In the 1960s, to prevent flooding of the quarry, a gradual lowering of the regional karst water table was initiated. The ore was extracted through deep mining combined with continuous pumping of underground water. This process disrupted the natural water balance of the Transdanubian Mountains. Major river systems were damaged, and springs—including the Tapolca cave spring and the thermal sources of Lake Hévíz—were depleted. Water inflow into the lake was reduced by half. Although the environmental consequences were known to experts, the political climate at the time did not permit halting mining operations. Extraction was only stopped in the 1990s due to public pressure. Since then, groundwater levels have slowly begun to recover. [1]
Performance and Artistic Intervention We first visited the Nyirád Quarry in 2022. The site looked almost otherworldly — people often say such landscapes resemble Mars, the planet named after the god of war. In some places, the terrain appeared like a dried, bloody wound. Mining left physical and ecological scars, but also cultural and emotional ones.
In many cultures, the deer symbolizes a mediator and healer of the earth. Our performances with deer masks embody this role, invoking the idea that art itself can heal landscape wounds. So we performed an artistic ritual in deer masks — a gesture of connection, care, and transformation.
We returned in 2023. This time, in the multicolored part of the quarry, we gathered natural pigments from the vibrant mineral layers.
These were later tested on sandpaper – combining touch, memory and matter into images.
Revealed Realism Method Our artistic approach does not impose new narratives but reveals and amplifies existing realities. By engaging physically with the site—through touch, movement, and material sampling—we deepen the perception of the quarry’s layered history and present condition.
This method bridges science and art, combining geological knowledge with sensory experience to create a multidimensional understanding of place.
The scientist reveals the quarry’s geological past and industrial impacts, preserving knowledge as a form of memory. The artist animates this knowledge, transforming it into lived experience and emotional connection. Together, science and art restore the quarry’s voice, enabling dialogue with its scars and stories.